Sure, it was colder than usual the first two months of this year. And, it seems as though it has snowed more this year than within memory. It’s predicted to snow today!

A recent snow in the Wetlands.

But, there’s much evidence pointing to a new season springing forth. The days are getting longer. Both the maples and elms are ready to burst open their buds and Hazel Alder is nearly in full flower.

Elm buds, swollen and ready to bring forth flowers.

The sun is coming up earlier and setting later. Chorus Frogs and Spring Peepers are calling and Pickerel Frogs have been seen slowly moving about the landscape. More and more turtles are coming out to bask in the afternoon sun, both Yellow-bellied Sliders and Painted Turtles.

Two Yellow-bellied and one Painted Turtle come out to bask in the afternoon sun.

I saw a solitary wasp in a sunny spot of the trail in Catch the Wind and a paper wasp flew by me in the Wetlands.

On my drive in to the Museum recently I saw two different Red-tailed Hawks carrying nesting material. The two Brown-headed Nuthatches that were digging a hole in a Loblolly Pine in Catch the Wind at the beginning of this month are at it again, this time on the opposite side of the same tree.

A Brown-headed Nuthatch digs yet another hole in a pine branch. Apparently the first hole didn't meet the standards of its prospective mate.

Listen for the nuthatch’s squeaky-toy calls in the pines as you walk around throughout the outdoor areas of the Museum.

Northern Cardinals have been singing for the past month and, according to Exhibits Tech David, one was seen carrying nesting material last week. I heard the first singing Red-winged Blackbird of the season on the 19th of February. Tufted Titmice are singing their clear-whistled, repetitive notes. Pine Warblers are in song. And, I heard a Song Sparrow briefly trying out its repertoire of rolling trills.

A small band of some two dozen Cedar Waxwings attempted to storm the small hollies next to the Ornithopter for their berries. The Leonardo da Vinci inspired ride in Catch the Wind was too much for the little waxwings; its huge white wings flapping back and forth next to the hollies kept the birds at bay.

A Cedar Waxwing patiently waits for the Ornithopter's wings to stop before alighting on the holly bushes below. Note the red markings on the bird's wing, like tiny drops of red wax.

These waxwings arrived four days earlier than last year’s nomadic troop of over 400 that descended on the hollies growing next to the main Museum Building.

Purple Martins have been observed within our borders. These birds are early arrivals, for sure, but the rest of their species is definitely on its way north.

From this point on things will move quickly. New arrivals from the south will appear, fresh new leaves will begin to emerge, snakes, insects…I can’t wait!

After a seven-month absence, a Green Heron was back on station on 28 April. As if it had never left the Wetlands, this colorful little heron (it’s very likely the same heron that was here last year) was trying to snag fish and tadpoles from the water while perched on one of the stumps just off the boardwalk in front of the Black Bear Exhibit. Welcome back!

The first Chimney Swifts of the year were seen foraging over Catch the Wind on the 26th of the month. Ruby-throated Hummingbirds were seen, first at the Butterfly House April 22nd and in Explore the Wild a few days later.

A Great-crested Flycatcher was heard on 4/23 and thereafter. The first Red-eyed Vireos were seen on 4/27 and, although seen earlier in the month, two Rough-winged Swallows were seen perched on a snag in the Wetlands on the same day.

The first singing House Wren of the season was heard on 25 April. Ruby-crowned Kinglets have been heard singing their rapid, buzzy, whistly songs around the Explore the Wild/Catch the Wind Loop. They often begin singing before departing for points north and their breeding grounds. Wood Thrushes are back (4/25) as are Gray Catbirds, the first squeaky notes of a catbird being heard on April 22nd in the swamp adjacent to the Wetlands Overlook. If you want to see and hear what a Gray catbird looks and sounds like, check out this YouTube video.

Cedar Waxwings are still being seen. A group of 60 or so were seen in the trees above the main entrance to Explore the Wild.

Several singing Northern Parulas, a Black-throated Blue Warbler, and breeding plumaged Yellow-rumped Warblers were all seen on 26 April. Yellow-throated Warblers were first spied on 4/18 along with a single singing Prothonotary Warbler. Although at least one Yellow-throated Warbler remains in the area, the Prothonotary was not heard from again. An Eastern Palm Warbler showed up on the 22nd and a Yellow-breasted Chat was briefly heard on the 26th behind the Ornithopter.

A Rose-breasted Grosbeak was heard and then seen feeding high in the canopy on 26 April.

Like the Ruby-crowned Kinglets above, White-throated Sparrows are tuning up their vocals before leaving our area for their nesting grounds further north. Their sweet, plaintive, whistled songs can be heard from the underbrush or along wooded edges. They often get only half their song out before starting over again or quitting altogether, as if practicing so as to get it just right for their debuts on the breeding grounds. It is a pleasant song.

Common Grackles have been observed flying back and forth from the Wetlands to some uknown location behind the Ornithopter. Their bills are empty on the trip to the Wetlands, full on the way back. A Baltimore Oriole was seen on the same day and in the same tree as the grosbeak above (4/26). The grosbeak and oriole no doubt came in on the same winds.

Pine Siskins are still being seen at the Bird Feeder Exhibit in Catch the Wind.

Red-tailed Hawks continue to be seen daily and Cooper’s Hawks have been noticed flying and perching in the vicinity of the previous year’s nest site. And, as mentioned above, Red-shouldered Hawks are once again showing up in the Wetlands.

Eastern Phoebes are calling regularly in and around the Wetlands. Phoebes nest on ledges. I’ve witnessed the birds investigating potential nest sites both under the boardwalk and in the vending area near the Red Wolf Enclosure. There are numerous crossbeams under the boardwalk for the phoebes to build a nest upon. The structure that houses the vending machines also offers many suitable ledges.

An American Crow was seen carrying nesting material on 1 March. Fish Crows had been seen (and heard) throughout the period.

The Brown-headed Nuthatches, which last month had so diligently excavated nest holes in a Loblolly Pine along the path between the entrances to Catch the Wind and Explore the Wild (see Brown-headed Nuthatches, Explore the Wild Journal, February 16-28, 2009), have apparently presented the holes to, or have been evicted by, a pair of Carolina Chickadees. In the images at left you can see a chickadee in the process of renovating one of the holes by first entering the hole, then exiting with a beak full of wood chips from the cavity’s interior.

During the first few days of this period, two Brown-headed Nuthatches were spotted working on a hole in a dead pine behind the vending area next to the Red Wolf Enclosure. They were not seen at that location during the second week of March. Are these the same two nuthatches that bored the holes for the chickadees? Have they abandoned this new hole too?

There have been numerous reports over the past several weeks of large numbers of American Robins throughout North Carolina; the robins are on the move north. So, it’s no surprise that hundreds of American Robins joined the already present, and equally numerous, Cedar Waxwings in an assault on the Museum’s hollies which began at the end of February (see Cedar Waxwings, Explore the Wild Journal, February 16-28, 2009). The birds were mainly concentrating on the hollies along the side entrance to the Museum’s main building, although few hollies anywhere on the grounds were immune to the onslaught (two trees out in front of the Museum seem to have been ably defended by a Northern Mockingbird, with most of its berries intact). Some of you may have noticed that all of the berries are missing from the small hollies behind the Ornithopter. The hollies in front of the Ornithopter were spared due to the human traffic through the area, the birds being reluctant to feed where people frequently pass. By the end of the first week in March, the waxwings had departed and only a handful of robins presently remain on site.

The first Red-winged Blackbird of the season appeared on the 7th of March. This lone male was seen and heard singing from a willow in the Wetlands.

Two Pine Siskins were observed at the Bird Feeder Exhibit during the period. Eight of those slender finches were seen in an elm tree behind the Sailboat Pond on the 3rd of March. It won’t be long before they leaves us.

The duck was nestled down in a shallow cup of dried grass. It sat motionless as if attempting to convince some nearby predator that it was part of the landscape and not something to eat. Although a bit early in the season, it appeared as though the duck was sitting on eggs, the “freezing” behavior typical of brooding ducks. I presume it was me from which the bird was trying to conceal itself.

A later check of the site, after the duck had departed and was seen swimming and preening with its look-a-like partner, revealed no eggs in the cup of grass. It was odd that, earlier, the duck had attempted to hide given the fact that there were no eggs in the “nest,” nothing in the grass to hide or conceal. I often see these two ducks swimming and feeding within yards of Museum guests as they (guests) stroll by, the ducks showing little or no concern for their safety. But, if I remember correctly, it was this same duck that, last spring, was seen swimming in the U-shaped pond at the Flap the Wings Exhibit and that had laid an egg on top of the bare concrete wall of the Sailboat Pond in Catch the Wind. So, perhaps it shouldn’t be a surprise to see this duck act the way it did on the island in front of the Wetlands Overlook.

Red-tailed Hawks have been a daily sight. Their aerial acrobatics over the Explore the Wild/Catch the Wind Loop have become the main raptorial attraction during the past few weeks, often with three birds overhead at once. They’ve replaced the Red-shouldered Hawks as the most commonly seen raptor.

At this time, Red-shouldered Hawks in our general area are occupied with nest building. This preoccupation with nesting is perhaps why the swamp across from the Wetlands Overlook has not hosted our local Red-shouldered Hawk in recent weeks. I haven’t seen one in the swamp since January. I’m not certain that our resident red-shouldereds have begun a nest somewhere nearby, but it seems likely.

I heard, then saw, the first Fish Crows of the season on February 23rd when two flew over the Explore the Wild/Catch the Wind Loop.

Alerted by their incessant, toy-horn call notes, I noticed several Brown-headed Nuthatches busily pecking away at the underside of a branch of a Loblolly Pine. The pine is located within twenty feet or so of the path between the entrances to Catch the Wind and Explore the Wild on the back side of the loop. In reality, there were only two birds that were pecking at the tree, the other was running back and forth on top of the limb calling loudly as it went along. They all seemed very excited.

On Friday, February 20, the first day that I noticed the nuthatches, the two “workers” had only small, shallow holes started on the 4-inch-diameter limb. The holes are approximately 8-10 inches apart and are on the underside of a near-horizontal branch. By Monday (2/23) both birds were digging deep inside the branch, the excavations having progressed considerably. They’re still working on the holes.

The holes are no doubt intended to be used as nests. Supposedly, it’s the male who chooses the nest site. Perhaps these are two males competing for the same female and who have essentially chosen the same site. One more thing to consider. According to research done on Brown-headed Nuthatches, nests are occasionally attended by three birds with an unmated male as helper. So why excavate two separate holes? Who’s the helper and who’s the mate? There doesn’t appear to be any outward competition between the two nuthatches, there’s no bickering between the two. They each seem content to happily peck away while in the company of the other. It’ll be interesting to see how this plays out in the next few weeks. Although it will be difficult to tell who’s who in this trio (the males and females look alike).

This is a good photo opportunity for anyone interested. The nuthatches are fairly close to the path and don’t seem overly concerned about being watched as they dig. (You can see a piece of wood taken from the interior of the hole in the bird’s bills in the images at left). If you can’t locate the birds on your stroll through this section of the Explore the Wild/Catch the Wind Loop, stop and listen – you may hear the birds calling as they dig. If you don’t see or hear them right away, wait a few minutes; they’re probably taking a break from their toil and will be back to work soon.

Hermit Thrushes continue to be seen both under the bird feeders in Catch the Wind and at the northwest corner of the Wetlands (most consistent location to see Hermit Thrush at this time). There were two Golden-crowned Kinglets seen on 22 February.

Not exactly on the Explore the Wild/Catch the Wind Loop but worthy of mention were the 400+ Cedar Waxwings that were observed in the main parking lot of the Museum on the morning of 23 February. As I pulled into the lot that morning I noticed a group of some fifty waxwings fly over my vehicle. They were heading towards the back side of the lot. Another group sailed over going in the same direction. Then another, and another much larger group of birds flew over, all descending on several small holly trees near the northwest corner of the lot. The birds perched on and milled about the hollies and other small trees near the hollies while they, in turn, lay waste to the holly berries, a flutter of activity. Then, as if on cue, they all lifted off the trees at once and were gone.

The first-of-the-season Common Grackle was seen on 21 February.

Several weeks ago I began seeing reports on a local listserv (carolinabirds) of dead or ill birds at area bird feeders. The birds mentioned in the reports were Pine Siskins and the suspected culprit was Salmonella. Here is one of the postings from that listserv with links to other postings on the same subject.

There have been no reported mass die-off of birds. The illnesses seem limited to a few birds at various backyard feeders. I’ve not noticed any ill birds at the Bird Feeder Exhibit at the Museum. Of course, birds don’t always die at backyard feeders (or exhibits) where they can be seen and documented and many birds may have gone unnoticed. To prevent any further spread or infection, it’s recommended that home bird feeders be emptied and cleaned out with bleach. It’s also a good idea to rake up all the seeds and shells that have collected below the feeders.

Interestingly, with all the reports in the news lately about peanut-butter-related Salmonella outbreaks among humans, there has been a recall of certain products made for birds which contain peanut butter.

You can subscribe to the carolinabirds listserv if you’re interested. The listserv covers both North and South Carolina. You can keep track of local bird sightings, area bird club meetings and field trips are often posted, and there are discussions (sometimes heated) about bird identification. Of course, if you have any bird questions and feel intimidated by asking them on a listserv where there may be hundreds, if not thousands, of subscribers, you can always direct your questions to me.

Cooper’s Hawks and, since the second week in September, Red-tailed Hawks have been seen consistently. Some are locals and some are migrating through – I’ve seen adults and immatures of both species. An adult Sharp-shinned Hawk was seen 29 November.

A true sign of winter’s arrival, or at least it being at the doorstep, was the appearance overhead of an adult male Northern Harrier in the clear blue sky of 26 November. The nearly all gray adult males are the last in line to migrant through, following the brown-hued immature and female harriers. It was the first of its kind that I’d seen at the Museum.

Harriers are birds of open country – extensive farmlands and coastal marshes are more likely places to see them. There, they cruise low over the vegetation watching and listening for small mammals and birds to prey upon. Harriers have an owl-like facial disk (B&W image at left) which aids in picking up faint sounds coming from potential prey below them as the hawks sail and hover a few feet above the fields and marshes. It’s not likely you’ll see a Northern Harrier at the Museum except in passing, so keep at least one eye skyward, especially after a few days of northerly winds!

Crows are well know for harassing hawks and owls whenever they can. So, it’s no surprise that on November 29, a small group of crows (about 5) couldn’t resist ganging up on a Barred Owl when they spotted it perched in a Loblolly Pine in the swamp just below the entrance to Catch the Wind on the back side of the Explore the Wild/Catch the Wind Loop. The owl, after several minutes of cawing and badgering by the crows, was rousted from its perch and took off flying with the crows in hot pursuit – much to the amazement, and delight, of Ornithopter Operator John as the owl flew within ten feet of his head.

A pair of these dark-eyed owls were spotted earlier in the period by two of the Museum’s Animal Keepers near the main entrance to Catch the Wind. Keep an eye out for these birds as you stroll along the Explore the Wild/Catch the Wind Loop!

The resident female Belted Kingfisher has been spending considerable time at the Wetlands. Even when she can’t be seen splashing and diving in the water for fish, her raspy rattle of a call can usually be heard somewhere back among the trees on the far side of the Wetlands.

While standing on the Wetlands Overlook video taping the local Great Blue Heron gently preening its long blue-gray primaries, I heard a splash in the water to my right. As I turned to see what had made the noise, the kingfisher was already up and flying towards the boardwalk in front of the Black Bear Exhibit. It had something large in its bill. A kingfisher is not a small bird, a little over a foot from end to end. As the bird landed on the railing of the boardwalk I could see that it had a sizable Golden Shiner in its bill (image at left). The fish was easily half, or more, the length of the bird.

After several unsuccessful attempts to flip the fish head first so that it could swallow it, the kingfisher flew off to the far side of the Wetlands to perch on a low willow branch. Through the eyepiece of the video camera I could see the bird again and again try to turn the fish around, all the while the fish struggling to get free of the bird’s grip. Finally, the bird lost its hold on the shiner and it fell to the water below, the bird crashing in behind. When the bird flew back up to its perch, only scales remained in its long dark bill. Apparently, the fish was not mortally wounded by this encounter. I’m not sure whether the bird could have swallowed such a large fish had it been able to hold on to it, but it would have been fun to watch it try.

There was a flurry of bird activity with the approach of a low pressure system on the last Saturday of November. Birds often feed heavily ahead of impending inclement weather. Among the birds seen was a Brown Creeper (photo at right), the first I’d seen at the Museum since last January. These small, secretive, brownish birds creep up tree trunks gleaning small invertebrates along the way. Their presence is often given away as they fly from a high point on one tree to the base of another to start a new ascent.

Also seen feasting that day were Brown-headed Nuthatches, Hermit Thrush, Ruby-crowned Kinglet, several sparrows including Chipping Sparrow, White-throated Sparrow, and Dark-eyed Junco (image here), Pine Warbler, and a lone Common Yellowthroat. With the cooler weather and the lack of flying insects to hawk, the Myrtle (Yellow-rumped) Warblers have been feasting on Wax Myrtle berries.

A wandering of Cedar Waxwings sailed over the Wetlands on 20 November. You don’t often see waxwings alone; this group consisted of about twenty-five individuals. Unless there’s a reason to stop, like a good supply of berries or crab apples to eat, these traveling bands of birds are usually seen flying overhead in search of the same.

The in-flight flocks look a bit like starlings as they wheel and whirl about. Although noticeably lighter in color, in outline the individual birds appear starling-like as well. However, that’s where the similarity ends. Cedar Waxwings are one of the most elegant of birds (image at left). Their soft fawn-beige plumage fading to yellow on the belly, their yellow-tipped tail (sometimes orange), black facial mask, and crest make it hard not to find them attractive. They appear to never have a feather out of place, always neat and trim. The name waxwing comes from the small, red, wax-like spots on their wings (not shown).

Closing Shot

As anyone with a bird feeder in their backyard can tell you, Northern Cardinals are usually the first to arrive and the last to leave the party. The photo at left shows a female grabbing one last meal of sunflower seeds from the feeders in Catch the Wind before calling it a night.

A young Red-tailed Hawk, leisurely soaring over the Wetlands, was met by a Red-shouldered Hawk intent on clearing the air of the former. An American Crow flew up to roust the Red-shouldered Hawk. Finally, a Cooper’s Hawk entered the fray. All four were last seen chasing each other off to the northeast. A Hooded Warbler was singing behind the Lemur House and a Red-eyed Vireo and Eastern Wood Pewee were heard near the main entrance to Explore the Wild. A dozen or so Cedar Waxwings breezed through the area on Saturday the 17th during the final day of Bear Aware Week. In my last journal installment I reported a Ruby-throated Hummingbird’s nest above the boardwalk in Explore the Wild. The hummingbird was last seen on May 18 as it sat on the nest, occasionally flying off to gather nesting material. I’ve regularly checked the nest since the last sighting but have not seen the bird.